Year: 2026 | Month: October-December | Volume: 11 | Issue: 4 | Pages: 37-45
DOI: https://doi.org/10.52403/gijhsr.20260404
Clinical Profile of Patients with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Attending a Tertiary Hospital in Nepal: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study
Bikalpa Khanal1, Eva Maden2
1Department of Urology/Surgery, PAHS, Lalitpur, Nepal
2Shahid Gangalal National Heart Centre, Kathmandu, Nepal
Corresponding Author: Dr. Bikalpa Khanal
ABSTRACT
Background: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a leading cause of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in ageing men and imposes a growing clinical burden in low- and middle-income settings such as Nepal, where hospital-based data on the clinical spectrum of the disease remain limited. This study describes the sociodemographic, clinical, and investigational profile of men presenting with BPH at a tertiary hospital in Nepal.
Methods: A hospital-based, descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Urology/Surgery of a tertiary care hospital in Nepal over a 12-month period (January 2025 to December 2025). Ninety-seven men aged ≥45 years with clinically or sonographically diagnosed BPH were enrolled by consecutive sampling. Data on sociodemographic characteristics, comorbidities, International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) with quality-of-life (QoL) index, digital rectal examination (DRE) grade, prostate volume, post-void residual urine (PVR), maximum flow rate (Qmax), serum PSA, creatinine, haemoglobin, complications, and definitive management were recorded and analysed in SPSS. Continuous variables were summarised as mean±SD or median (range) per Shapiro–Wilk normality; associations were assessed using the Chi-square/Fisher's exact test and ANOVA/Kruskal–Wallis test, with p<0.05 considered significant.
Results: The mean age was 65.5±8.0 years; 51.5% resided in rural areas. Moderate (56.7%) and severe (39.2%) IPSS categories predominated (mean IPSS 17.8±6.7). Mean prostate volume was 52.8±19.8 mL and mean PSA was 2.74 ng/mL (median). Acute urinary retention occurred in 27.8% and urinary tract infection in 23.7%. Definitive management was TURP in 45.4%, medical therapy in 43.3%, open prostatectomy in 7.2%, and watchful waiting in 4.1%. IPSS severity was significantly associated with age, prostate volume, PVR, Qmax, PSA, and symptom duration (all p<0.05), and with acute urinary retention (p<0.001). Prostate volume correlated positively with PSA (r=0.55, p<0.001) and PVR (r=0.47, p<0.001), and negatively with Qmax (r=−0.53, p<0.001).
Conclusion: Men presenting with BPH at this tertiary centre had a substantial burden of moderate-to-severe symptoms and disease-related complications, with clinical and investigational parameters closely tracking IPSS severity and the choice of definitive management. These findings support early recognition and structured evaluation of LUTS in ageing men in similar hospital settings in Nepal.
Keywords: Benign prostatic hyperplasia; International Prostate Symptom Score; Nepal; lower urinary tract symptoms; transurethral resection of prostate; cross-sectional study.