Review Article
Year: 2020 | Month: January-March | Volume: 5 | Issue: 1 | Pages: 46-57
Effects of Stress over Periodontium
Mithlesh Bhagat1, Roopali Tapashetti2, Ghousia Fatima3, Neha Bhutani2
1Post Graduate Student, 2Reader, 3HOD & Professor,
Department of Periodontics, Al Badar Rural Dental College and Hospital, Kalaburgi, Karnataka
Corresponding Author: Mithlesh Bhagat
ABSTRACT
Stress is defined as a total transaction from demand to resolution in response to an environmental encounter that requires appraisal, coping and adaptation by the individual. Coping is the response of the individual to stress relationship of sound mind in maintaining healthy body, which has been recognized from most of the history recorded.
Psychological stress can down regulate the cellular immune response. Communication between the central nervous system and the immune system occurs via a complex network of bidirectional signals linking the nervous, endocrine, and immune systems. Stress disrupts the homeostasis of this network, which in turn, alters immune function. Direct association between periodontal disease and stress remains to be proven, which is partly due to lack of an adequate animal models and difficulty to quantifying the amount and duration of stress and also there are many factors influencing the incidence and severity of periodontal disease.
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease, characterized by gingival bleeding, periodontal pocket formation, connective tissue destruction and alveolar bone loss. Oral bacterial pathogens are responsible for the initiation and progression of periodontitis. Abnormal host responses like elevating the pro-inflammatory cytokines by pathogenic bacteria also play a crucial role in the progression of periodontitis. Periodontal diseases are common chronic inflammatory diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms which induce elevations of pro-inflammatory cytokines resulting in tissue destruction. Evolution of periodontal diseases is influenced by many local or systemic risk factors. Stress has been suggested as one of them and may negatively influence the outcome of periodontal treatment. The aim of this review is to provide the relationship between stress and periodontium.
Keywords: Inflammatory disease, Periodontitis, Pathogenic microorganism, Stress