Original Research Article
Year: 2020 | Month: July-September | Volume: 5 | Issue: 3 | Pages: 67-74
Study of Cancer Trends in Government T.D Medical College Alappuzha during the Year 2016-2017 and Comparison with Trend A Decade Ago
Praveen Jacob Ninan1, R. Sivaramakrishnan2, Bindu S M3
1Associate Professor of Radiotherapy, T.D Medical College, Vandanam,Alappuzha, Kerala, India.
2Professor of Radiotherapy, Govt. T.D Medical College, Vandanam, Alappuzha, Kerala, India.
3Assistant Professor in Radiotherapy, Govt. T.D Medical College, Vandanam, Alappuzha, Kerala, India.
Corresponding Author: Bindu S M
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Cancer is a major public health issue in most of the countries, including India. The most important factor for cancer prevention and control is the accurate and valid information on cancer incidence, mortality, survival, and other socio-demographic factors. Lower socioeconomic status is known to be associated with an increased incidence of cancer and inferior survival. National Centre for Disease Information and Research which closely work with the Ministry of Health, Government of India and other Central/State Government or other agencies to provide or plan to provide baseline information and technically help in designing, monitoring and evaluating control programs and activities. Classifications of disease are essential. They define the universe of diseases that exist and classify them according to specified criteria. The ICD 10 coding was introduced by WHO in the year 1993 and India adopted the same in 2000.
Aims and Objectives
- To study the trends of Cancer at Government T.D Medical College Alappuzha during the year 2016-17 and comparison with the pattern a decade ago during 2006-07.
- To study the major cancer types with ICD–O coding, and socio-economic parameters of the patients registered in Radiotherapy department during the period January 2016 to December 2017 and January 2006 to December 2007.
Materials and Method: After getting ethical clearance all patients registered in Radiotherapy department during the period January 2016 to December 2017 and January 2006 to December 2007 with diagnosis of cancer were enrolled for the study. The Case Registry file of all such patients were retrieved from the department cancer registry and details entered in separate proforma. Age distribution, Gender distribution, community wise distribution and system wise distribution of cases were studied. The use of tobacco in any form will be noted. All data were analysed using Microsoft Excel spread sheet.
Result: A total of 2822 patients were registered in the department during the year 2016-2017. Of the total patients there were 1359 males and 1463 females. The number of patients registered during January 2006 to December 2007 were 1419 of which there were 687 male patients and 732 females.
The mean age of the male cancer cases in 2016-2017 was 58.32 as compared to 59.66 in 2006-2007 and for female cases in was found to be 54.11 and 55.17 respectively. In 2016-2017 the majority of male patients were in the age 55-59 years whereas in females it was 45-49years. The same pattern was seen in 2006-2007.
The system wise distribution of cancers were studied and it was found that in 2016-2017 the majority of cases were in respiratory system (26.3%) in males and Breast (45.7%) in females. The same trend was seen in 2006-2007 with case in respiratory system (21.5%) in males and Breast (35.1%) in females.
Of the 10 leading cancers in males in 2016-2017, Lung was the highest number of 295(21.7%) cases as compared to 2006-2007 it was 124 (18.1%). The Head and Neck cancer taken together was next in the order with 273 (20.1%) in 2016-2017 and 104 (15.1%) in 2006-2007. The number of stomach cancer was 108 (7.95%) and 45 (6.6%) respectively. In females Breast cancer was the leading number with 668 (45.7%) and 257 (35.1%) in 2016-2017 and 2006-2007 respectively. The number of Cancer cervix were 126 (8.6%) and 71 (9.7%) respectively. The Head and Neck cancer taken together was next in the order with 114 (7.8%) in 2016-2017 and 52 (7.1%) in 2006-2007.
The commonest cancer in 0-14 years age group was found to be Leukemia whereas in 15-34 years age group the commonest cancer was stomach in males and Breast in females. In the age group 35-64 years there were 823 males and 1056 females in 2016-2017 and the same were 19 males and 44 females in 2006-2007. The commonest cancer was lung 198 in 2016-2017 and 78 in 2006-2007. In females the number of breast cases outnumbered with 398 in 2016-2017 and 207 in 2006-2007. In the age group above 65 years head and cancers were high with 154 males in 2016-2017 but in 2006-2007 it was lung with 45 cases.
Cancer cases in various religious communities showed that in 2016-2017 among males there were 932 (68.6%) Hindus, 202 (14.9%) Muslims and 225 (16.5%) Christians and among females there were 1036 (70.8%) Hindus, 253 (17.3%) Muslims and 174 (11.9%) Christians. In 2006-2007 among males there were 474 (69%) Hindus, 84 (12.2%) Muslims and 129 (18.8%) Christians and among females there were 543 (74.2%) Hindus, 75 (10.2%) Muslims and 114 (15.6%) Christians.
Conclusion: The number of cancer cases registered at Government T.D Medical College Alappuzha during the year 2016-17 has almost doubled as compared to a decade back. The mean age for both male and female cancer cases have decreased in a span of 10 years. The number of cancer breast is on the high in females and is showing a trend towards earlier age at presentation. In males the leading number of cases even after a decade is cancer lung followed by head and neck cancers taken together. In females, cancer Uterine cervix continues to be in the second highest position. Taking into consideration the religious communities the number of Hindus were the highest in both males and females and the trend of cancer was almost the same even after a decade but we observed a significant increase in the percentage of Muslim females in 2016-2017 as compared to a decade ago whereas the percentage of Christian females were less after a decade.
Keywords: Cancer trends, cancer statistics, ICD-O coding, distribution of cancers