Original Research Article
Year: 2019 | Month: October-December | Volume: 4 | Issue: 4 | Pages: 91-98
Clinical Profile, Outcome and Prognostic Factors of Acute Kidney Injury – A Tertiary Hospital Based Study
Dr. Shafeeq Usman V1, Dr Ram Narayan2
1,2Assistant Professor, Department of General Medicine, MES Medical College, Perinthalmanna, Malappuram, Kerala, India.
Corresponding Author: Dr Ram Narayan
ABSTRACT
Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is an important cause of in-hospital mortality especially in critically ill patients. The clinical presentation is varied. A comprehensive understanding of AKI is essential to identify potential areas of intervention. Early diagnosis and treatment of AKI in potentially reversible stage prevent progression of renal disease.
Methods: This was a hospital based observational study. After applying necessary inclusion and exclusion criteria, the study population was assessed. The clinical profile of AKI including etiology, symptoms, signs and blood investigations were assessed. The stage and outcome of AKI was determined. An attempt was made to find out factors which affect outcome of AKI and which help in monitoring a patient with AKI. Associations were made out using chi square test and Kruskal Wallis tests.
Results: The clinical profile of study population was found comparable to other studies. Intrinsic renal failure was most common type and sepsis, most common etiology. Significant association was detected with eGFR, number of days of stay in hospital and KDIGO stage of AKI with outcome. Need for inotrope support, ventilator and hemodialysis were associated with poor outcome. Best prognostic factors were 24 hour urine output, blood urea and serum creatine.
Conclusions: Any patient admitted in hospital should be kept on an input-output chart and should be closely monitored for decrease in urine output. Sepsis and hypotension must be promptly managed. As for all diseases prevention is better than cure in AKI and conservative treatment is the best treatment option for the same.
Key words: Acute kidney injury, 24 hour urine output, blood urea, serum creatine, hemodialysis, sepsis