Year: 2024 | Month: April-June | Volume: 9 | Issue: 2 | Pages: 41-48
DOI: https://doi.org/10.52403/gijhsr.20240206
Understanding the Impact of the Dopamine Hypothesis on Schizophrenia
Jelena Stellakis1, Georgios Lyrakos2,3, Georgios Pilafas2,4, Penelope Louka2,5,6
1Student, University of Derby (UK) at Mediterranean College campus, Athens, Greece.
2Accredited Lecturer, University of Derby (UK) at Mediterranean College campus, Athens, Greece.
3Clinical Health Psychologist, General Public Hospital of Nikaia, Piraeus, Greece.
4Programme Leader ‘BSc (Hons) Applied Psychology’, University of Derby (UK) at Mediterranean College campus, Athens, Greece.
5Head of School of Psychology, Mediterranean College, Greece.
6Deputy Head of Academic Affairs (Learning, Teaching & Assessment), Mediterranean College, Greece.
Corresponding Author: Jelena Stellakis
ABSTRACT
Schizophrenia is a mental disorder affecting approximately 24 million individuals worldwide, characterised by a variety of symptoms such as delusions, hallucinations, disorganised thinking, and abnormal motor behaviour. The Dopamine Hypothesis of schizophrenia suggests that an imbalance in dopamine neurotransmission plays a crucial role in the development of this disorder. Dopamine receptors and their interaction with antipsychotic medication have been extensively studied in the context of schizophrenia. Research has shown that dopamine receptor block is a key mechanism of action for neuroleptic drugs used in treating schizophrenia. Additionally, the NMDA receptor malfunction has been linked to the manifestation of schizophrenia-like symptoms, further supporting the role of neurotransmitter dysfunction in this disorder. The prevalence of schizophrenia is rising globally, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, emphasising the need for increased awareness and resources for this population. Individuals with schizophrenia often face challenges in coping with daily life and maintaining relationships, impacting their quality of life and overall well-being. Early diagnosis, appropriate treatment, and supportive services are crucial in helping individuals with schizophrenia manage their symptoms and develop coping mechanisms. The Dopamine Hypothesis provides valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms of schizophrenia, highlighting the importance of neurotransmitter dysfunction in the development of this complex disorder. Early intervention and comprehensive support services are essential in improving the outcomes and quality of life for individuals living with schizophrenia.
Keywords: Schizophrenia, Dopamine Hypothesis, Neurotransmitter Dysfunction, Antipsychotic Drugs, NMDA Receptor